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OALib Journal期刊

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Neighbourhood-Level Differences in Mortality Attributable to Behavioural Risk Factors in the City of Milan, Italy  [PDF]
David Consolazio, David Benassi, Antonio Giampiero Russo
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1111083
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of behavioural risk factors on non-communicable diseases mortality in Milan, focusing on their neighbourhood variation, with the scope to provide context-specific information to guide the development of effective health promotion interventions. Using administrative healthcare data, population attributable fractions were calculated based on information provided by the Global Burden of Disease project to estimate the number and proportion of deaths attributed to smoking, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and dietary risk. The findings revealed distinct territorial patterns of risk factors based on sex/gender, as territorial differences along the centre-periphery axis were observed in men but not in women. Smoking emerged as the primary risk factor for avoidable mortality, particularly in men whilst in females metabolic-related risk factors played a larger role. The proposed methodology provided valuable insights into the distribution of risky health behaviours at the neighbourhood level and underscored the need for context-specific interventions. Overall, the study emphasized the intertwined nature of territorial, socioeconomic, and gender dimensions in shaping health outcomes. It called for targeted interventions that address the specific risk profiles and challenges of each neighbourhood, promoting health equity and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. By understanding these complex dynamics, policymakers and public health professionals can develop effective strategies to improve population health and reduce health inequalities.
Analysis of the Lipolytic Potential of Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Some Plants and Soil Samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil  [PDF]
Paula V. D. Spencer, Tatiana P. Costa, Mirian J. Souza, Nísia A. V. D. Pinto, David L. Nelson, Vivian M. Benassi
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/abb.2020.1111032
Abstract: Microorganisms have the ability to produce several metabolites, which are widely used in biotechnological processes, including the biological catalysts called enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are favored because they perform various catalytic reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification and transesterification. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify which organisms are potential lipase producers. From four collection sites, nine fungi were isolated from the leaves and soil of the jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) tree and three fungi from the Andu bean leaves (Cajanus cajan). The macroscopic morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were analyzed. For thermophilic analysis, the twelve isolated fungi and eight obtained from the laboratory bank were cultivated in a solid Potato-Dextrose-Agar medium from 30°C to 50°C, with intervals of 5°C. The growth rate per hour after 48 hours of development was calculated. For the selection of filamentous lipase-producing fungi, the 20 fungi were cultivated in solid BDA medium at 30°C for 96 hours, and the enzyme index was calculated. It was found that, of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30°C, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7. At 35°C, 70% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, MB2.2 and P3. At 40°C, 40% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ6 and PJ8. At 45°C, only the PJ6 and PJ12 fungi grew, and no organism grew at 50°C. In the screening for lipase production, the largest growth halo was observed for the 3.2TA fungus from the bank.
Immobilization in Spheres of a Cocktail Rich in Xylanase Produced by the Fungus Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 for Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse  [PDF]
Alice Gomes Miranda, Tarcisio Michael Ferreira Soares de Oliveira, Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas, David Lee Nelson, Juan Pedro Bretas Roa, Vivian Machado Benassi
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1212028
Abstract: Second generation ethanol is produced from the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass using enzymes as catalysts, with emphasis on xylanases. These biocatalysts are often costly, but stable at high temperatures, and their reuse is of great value, so the immobilization of the enzymes can increase their applicability on an industrial scale. We sought to immobilize a cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 in alginate spheres, optimize the immobilization method, characterize the immobilized derivatives, improve their physical-chemical characteristics, and perform the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse to release sugars. The Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 has been identified and used for cocktail rich in xylanase production that was immobilized in alginate spheres. During this process, the drip equipment, and the concentration of the solutions of sodium alginate and calcium chloride were evaluated. The best results were obtained with the glass rod and with concentrations of 3.14% and 2.10% for the solutions, respectively. The apparent optimum conditions of pH and temperature reaction were studied, and the values of pH 6.5 and 60°C were obtained. The immobilized conjugate also presented greater stability at this temperature than that of the soluble cocktail. The conjugate could be recycled up to six times, and its activity was maintained after 75 days of storage. Finally, the hydrolysis in natural sugarcane bagasse was achieved, and greater amounts of reducing sugars were obtained in the reaction with the conjugate. Thus, the cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA1.3.1 was successfully immobilized on alginate spheres and possesses the potential to be used as a catalyst in industrial processes such as the lignocellulosic ethanol industry.
Sulla problematica valutazione dei danni da moria del bosco
A. Benassi
Aestimum , 1987,
Abstract:
Dynamics of mobile interacting ferromagnetic films: theory and numerical implementation
Andrea Benassi
Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1088/0965-0393/22/2/025004
Abstract: Coating two nearby bodies with thin ferromagnetic films one obtains, below the Curie temperature, two interacting sets of magnetic domains. The dynamical properties of the bodies in presence of this domain interaction have never been investigated so far. In this work I derive a set of equations to simultaneously describe both the domain evolution within the two films and the dynamics of the coated bodies. The shape, size and mobility of the domains can be easily controlled with an external magnetic field or properly choosing the material properties, thus unravelling how the domain characteristics influence the system dynamics. This can be thus of great technological relevance, providing new means to control and actuate mechanical motion at the micro- and nano-scale.
Book Review: The Marketization of Employment Services: The Dilemmas of Europe’s Work
Chiara Benassi
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0019793918764445
Abstract:
Isolation of Filamentous Fungi from the Caatinga Region and Production of Amylolytic Enzymes of Great Industrial Interest  [PDF]
Ingrid Cristina Soares Amorim, Gessica Oliveira Marinho, Tarcisio Michael Ferreira Soares de Oliveira, Juan Pedro Bretas Roa, Arlete Barbosa dos Reis, David Lee Nelson, Thiago Machado Pasin, Vivian Machado Benassi
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines (JBM) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2020.811014
Abstract: The industrial importance and the high cost of the commercial amylase require the study of microorganisms that produce these enzymes. For this reason, the objective of this work was to isolate filamentous fungi from a region of the caatinga and evaluate their potential for the production of amylase. Four soil samples were collected from a deactivated dump located in the city of Diamantina, MG, in a region of the caatinga. The analysis of amylolytic production in a submerged medium at the ideal temperature of each microorganism was performed using the saccharification method, and the reducing sugars formed were quantified by DNS. Fourteen filamentous fungi were isolated, which had different morphological aspects. Regarding amylase production, a mean activity of 0.477 U·mL-1 was obtained with the isolates I 1.2.1 and I 4.4.1. These results bring important information regarding the biodiversity of the caatinga, in addition to the isolation of microorganisms that can be used as biological machinery to obtain metabolites with high biotechnological and industrial potential.
Preliminary Retrospective Analysis of Daily Tomotherapy Output Constancy Checks Using Statistical Process Control
Anna Sarnelli,David Bianchini,Emilio Mezzenga,Enrico Menghi,Francesco Marcocci,Lidia Strigari,Marcello Benassi,Vincenzo D’Errico
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147936
Abstract:
Size quantization effects in thin film Casimir interaction
A. Benassi,C. Calandra
Physics , 2009, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/161/1/012007
Abstract: We investigate the role of size quantization in the vacuum force between metallic films of nanometric thickness. The force is calculated by the Lifshitz formula with the film dielectric tensor derived from the one-electron energies and wavefunctions under the assumption of a constant potential inside the film and a uniform distribution of the positive ion charge. The results show that quantization effects tend to reduce the force with respect to the continuum plasma model. The reduction is more significant at low electron densities and for film size of the order of few nanometers and persists for separation distances up to 10 nm. Comparison with previous work indicates that the softening of the boundary potential is important in determining the amount of the reduction. The calculations are extended to treat Drude intraband absorption. It is shown that the inclusion of relaxation time enhances the size quantization effects in the force calculations.
Effects of phase transitions in devices actuated by the electromagnetic vacuum force
A. Benassi,C. Calandra
Physics , 2008, DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/84/11002
Abstract: We study the influence of the electromagnetic vacuum force on the behaviour of a model device based on materials, like germanium tellurides, that undergo fast and reversible metal-insulator transitions on passing from the crystalline to the amorphous phase. The calculations are performed at finite temperature and fully accounting for the behaviour of the material dielectric functions. The results show that the transition can be exploited to extend the distance and energy ranges under which the device can be operated without undergoing stiction phenomena. We discuss the approximation involved in adopting the Casimir expression in simulating nano- and micro- devices at finite temperature.
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